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Bidens

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Bidens

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots: Root system includes a tap root or adventitious roots.

Leaves: Leaves bipinnately compound or pinnately compound or simple or trifoliate or ternate or tripinnately compound. Opposite.

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (93)

Bidens alba (L.) DC.
Bidens amplectens Sherff
Bidens amplectens × Bidens torta
Bidens asymmetrica (H.Lév.) Sherff
Bidens asymmetrica × Bidens sandvicensis subsp. sandvicensis
Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britton
Bidens bipontina Sherff
Bidens campylotheca Sch.Bip.
Bidens campylotheca subsp. campylotheca × Bidens hawaiensis
Bidens campylotheca subsp. waihoiensis × Bidens conjuncta
Bidens cervicata Sherff
Bidens cervicata × Bidens sandvicensis subsp. confusa
Bidens conjuncta Sherff
Bidens conjuncta × Bidens micrantha subsp. micrantha
Bidens cosmoides (A.Gray) Sherff
Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth
Bidens diversa subsp. filiformis × Bidens menziesii subsp. menziesii
Bidens diversa subsp. filiformis × Bidens micrantha subsp. ctenophylla
Bidens diversa subsp. filiformis × Bidens molokaiensis
Bidens diversa subsp. filiformis × Bidens polycephala
Bidens diversa subsp. filiformis × Bidens sandvicensis subsp. sandvicensis
Bidens forbesii Sherff
Bidens forbesii subsp. forbesii × Bidens hawaiensis
Bidens forbesii subsp. forbesii × Bidens mauiensis
Bidens forbesii subsp. forbesii × Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis
Bidens forbesii subsp. forbesii × Bidens molokaiensis
Bidens forbesii subsp. forbesii × Bidens sandvicensis subsp. confusa
Bidens forbesii subsp. kahiliensis × Bidens valida
Bidens forbesii × Bidens polycephala
Bidens gardneri Baker
Bidens hawaiensis A.Gray
Bidens hawaiensis × Bidens macrocarpa
Bidens hawaiensis × Bidens mauiensis
Bidens hawaiensis × Bidens menziesii
Bidens hawaiensis × Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis
Bidens hawaiensis × Bidens molokaiensis
Bidens hawaiensis × Bidens polycephala
Bidens hawaiensis × Bidens sandvicensis
Bidens hawaiensis × Bidens torta
Bidens henryi Sherff
Bidens hillebrandiana (Drake) O.Deg. ex Sherff
Bidens hillebrandiana subsp. polycephala × Bidens macrocarpa
Bidens hillebrandiana subsp. polycephala × Bidens mauiensis
Bidens hillebrandiana subsp. polycephala × Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis
Bidens hillebrandiana subsp. polycephala × Bidens micrantha subsp. ctenophylla
Bidens hillebrandiana subsp. polycephala × Bidens molokaiensis
Bidens hillebrandiana subsp. polycephala × Bidens wiebkei
Bidens hillebrandiana × Bidens micrantha
Bidens laevis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Bidens macrocarpa (A.Gray) Sherff
Bidens macrocarpa × Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis
Bidens macrocarpa × Bidens sandvicensis
Bidens macrocarpa × Bidens wiebkei
Bidens mauiensis (A.Gray) Sherff
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens menziesii
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens menziesii subsp. menziesii
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens menziesii subsp. menziesii
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens micrantha
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens micrantha subsp. ctenophylla
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens micrantha subsp. kalealaha
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens micrantha subsp. micrantha
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens molokaiensis
Bidens mauiensis × Bidens wiebkei
Bidens menziesii Sherff
Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis × Bidens mauiensis
Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis × Bidens micrantha subsp. ctenophylla
Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis × Bidens sandvicensis
Bidens menziesii subsp. filiformis × Bidens wiebkei
Bidens menziesii subsp. menziesii × Bidens micrantha subsp. micrantha
Bidens menziesii var. filiformis × Bidens torta
Bidens menziesii × Bidens
Bidens menziesii × Bidens micrantha
Bidens menziesii × Bidens wiebkei
Bidens micrantha Gaudich.
Bidens micrantha subsp. ctenophylla × Bidens torta
Bidens micrantha subsp. ctenophylla × Bidens wiebkei
Bidens microcephala W.L.Wagner, J.R.Clark & Lorence
Bidens molokaiensis (Hillebr.) Sherff
Bidens molokaiensis × Bidens sandvicensis
Bidens molokaiensis × Bidens torta
Bidens pilosa L.
Bidens polycephala Sch.Bip.
Bidens polycephala × Bidens torta
Bidens populifolia Sherff
Bidens sandvicensis Less.
Bidens sandvicensis × Bidens ?
Bidens torta Sherff
Bidens uapensis (F.Br.) Sherff
Bidens valida Sherff
Bidens wailele K.R.Wood & Knope
Bidens wichmanii W.L.Wagner, J.R.Clark & Lorence
Bidens wiebkei Sherff

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Leaves for tea (Abbott 1992:102).

  • The entire ko‘oko‘olau plant is uses in the treatment of ‘ea and pa‘ao‘ao. For adult, it is used in conjunction with ‘uhaloa tap roots (Waltheria indica), the bark of ‘ōhi‘a ‘ai root (Syzygium malaccense), kukui flowers (Aleurites moluccana), ‘ala‘alawainui pehu (Peperomia spp.), noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia), and kōkea (white sugracane, Saccharum officinarum). For cleansing or purification, as well as appetite restoration the leaves and leaf buds are used in conjunction with the flowere, leaves, and leaf buds of the ko‘oko‘olau (Bidens spp.), the fruit and leaf buds of the moa holokula (?), leaf bud and flowers of ‘uhaloa, red lehua leaf buds (Metrosideros spp.), and kōhonua‘ula (red sugarcane). For illnesses classified as kohepopo (nae‘oiku, papaku, hopilo, ke‘ewai, wai‘opua) the leaves, leaf buds, flowers, and roots are mixed with moa holokula fruit and leaves, leaves and flowers of ‘ala‘alawainui pehu, flowers and leaves of the ‘ala‘alawainui pohina (Plectranthus parviflorus), bark of ‘ōhi‘a ‘ai, red lehua buds, kukui flowers and endosperm, noni fruits, kōkea, and ihi makole (Oxalis corniculata) (Chun 1994:160–162). Herbal teas made from leaves to treat throat and stomach troubles and for bad cases of asthma (Abbott 1992:02).

CULTURE

  • Ho‘oheno i na hala o Ko‘oko‘olau line in "Hole Waimea" used as a place name in this instance, but the botanical significance needn't be ignored (Elbert & Mahoe 1970).

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • Easy. [B. aplectens] Seeds/cuttings; plant seeds horizontally & slightly below surface of vermiculite, germinates in 2 weeks, water & fertilize regularly; pinch tips off for tea or to make plants bushy; sometimes not long-lived so may need to periodically replant (Culliney and Koebele 1999:93–96, see also Bidens sp. Bornhorst 1996:39–41; Nagata 1992:1993 addendum).

Natural History

Island Status

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 831 (1753)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
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